February 5th 1992: I Purchased The Perfect Telescope From Pauli’s Wholesale Optics

Posted April 9, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

Meade 10-inch f/4.5 EQ Newtonian model DS-10A pictured below.

I’m really glad I talked with Fred Pauli on that February night so many years ago and “made the decision upon his recommendation ” to purchase the 10-inch. At that time, I had no idea I would eventually spend more 1,500 hours with this telescope under a night sky over the next 34 years. I would also make hundreds and hundreds of observing notes and pencil sketches using this telescope. It was a revelation going from a 4-inch telescope to a 10-inch.

The telescope was really large and heavy, but I didn’t care, as the views made the extra effort worth it! However, the time had come for me to find a new owner for this telescope. It was getting heavier and heavier with each passing year and the time had come to find a new owner for this telescope. However, the scope had served me well for more than three decades.

I ordered the telescope from Pauli’s Wholesale Optics in Danbury, Connecticut, on Wednesday, February 5th 1992 at 9:00 PM from the owner himself…Fred Pauli. It was Fred that recommended the 10-inch. This was in the days before email or ordering online. I would purchase a lot of astronomy equipment over the next eight or ten years from Wholesale Optics.

Sometimes I’d call and place an order at 10:00 in the morning, sometimes 10:00 at night, but whenever I’d call, it was always Fred who answered the phone. I’d talk with Fred briefly, give him my Master Card number and would normally receive my order in about a week.

When I got home from work on Monday, February 10th, some large brown corrugated boxes were stacked up in front of my garage door.

I was wanting to purchase a smaller Newtonian, but Fred Pauli recommended a larger 10-inch telescope. At that time, I had no idea I would eventually spend more than 1,500 hours with this telescope under a night sky over the next 34 years. I would also make hundreds and hundreds of observing notes and pencil sketches.

This telescope allowed me to become more active in my local astronomy club: The Cleveland County Astronomical Society, and then about eight years later, the Las Vegas Astronomical Astronomical Society. I had family living there, and still do. It was with my local club that I began writing observing articles for the monthly newsletter.

After becoming a member of the Las Vegas Astronomical Society in about December 2008, I met Fred Rayworth. The both of us were visual observers, and founded the Observer’s Challenge report. Our first report was issued in February 2009. Fred and I compiled the report through about 2017.

After years as a report contributor, Sue French became an administrator in 2018, and then co-editor with myself in compiling the report for its last five years. It was Sue’s notoriety, as an editor for “Sky & Telescope” magazine that helped gain a much wider audience of more serious amateurs. Sue deserves much credit for the report’s success and continued success.

The report continues to have high daily downloads, despite the last report being issued in June, 2024. There are both astronomy clubs and amateurs at-large that continue to use the challenge report for reference or as an observing agenda.

The larger aperture of the 10-inch versus the smaller telescopes I’d been using, allowed me to make far better pencil sketches, and observing notes. A sampling of my pencil sketches without any embellishments, and without the use of a computer. I have hundreds and hundreds of pencil sketches.

Life changes:

After spending so much time and effort over the past 34 years under a night sky…my observing will now be far less and I’ll be going back to using small telescopes. And I have so many other interest, like cycling, weight lifting, history and especially local history. I also need to note, most importantly…I have a family. 🙂

Roger Ivester (North Carolina)

The Most Difficult Messier Objects With Small Telescopes

Posted March 24, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Observing The Messier's With A Small Telescope

Over the past year, I’ve discussed observing difficult Messier objects using a small telescope, with a number of amateurs.  It would seem that everyone has a list of their most difficult Messier’s, but all agree with M74, M76, M97, M101 and M109. However, we know that the observer, location, and light pollution are all important factors. I rate my backyard with a Bortle Scale of ~6.5 on an average.

The two telescopes I plan to use for my Messier quest (of only the most difficult objects) will be an economy 80 mm f/5 achromat and a 4.5-inch f/8 Newtonian. My son gave me the refractor telescope for a birthday present…so this is and will always be a special telescope.

The 4.5-inch Newtonian was given to me by a friend. If the telescope had not been in new condition, I wouldn’t have taken it. However, the original mount was so flimsy, and weak…I discarded it, almost immediately.

My largest telescope after the sale of my 10-inch f/4.5 EQ (earlier this year February 2026) is a 6-inch f/6 Newtonian. The 10-inch had just became too heavy and difficult to take out and bring back in…especially for short observing sessions.

I purchased the 10-inch in February 1992, and logged over 2,000 hours at the eyepiece, but it was just time for another serious amateur to have this telescope.

Expert visual observers, Tony Flanders and Jay Reynolds Freeman share some interesting information regarding the more difficult Messier objects, as following. Remember, Jay saw all of the Herschel 400 objects using a 55 mm Vixen f/8 Fluorite refractor! 

Roger invited me to post my own personal list of the five hardest, and on the whole I find it’s really impossible to say. All the Messier objects are bright and obvious to an experienced observer with a 90-mm scope under dark skies. Once you start to increase the level of light pollution and decrease the aperture, they become harder in varying degrees depending on the precise level of skyglow, the particular instrument, and my own mood and inclination. Tony Flanders

For what it’s worth, I looked over my Urban/Suburban Messier Guide, and here are the objects I was unable to see through my 70-mm refractor from my local city park, with skyglow probably a tad worse than 18.0 mpsas:

M20, M26, M59, M61, M68, M73, M74, M76, M83, M90, M91, M95, M98, M99, M100, M101, M107, M108, M109

I was able to see M97 with a filter, but not without one. A filter makes a huge difference for this object, and somewhat less so for M20.

Of these, I’m sure M20, M68, and M83 were hard only because they’re far south, and therefore very low from my latitude of 42N. I’m a little surprised that the open cluster M26 is on my can’t-see list; maybe I should have tried harder.

Of the listed galaxies, I’d say that M74 and M91 are almost certainly intrinsically hardest, ignoring issues with latitude. I’ve also always had problems with M109, due to the combination of small size and fairly low surface brightness, and likely also proximity to bright Gamma UMa (Phecda).

M101 is challenging under bright skies due to its extremely faint core, but even a slight improvement in skyglow makes it relatively easy due to its huge size. M76 is challenging in very small instruments and in conventional binoculars due to its tiny size, but becomes quite easy as I use larger apertures even under very bright skies.

Tony Flanders 

M74 and M76 have given me trouble occasionally. Jay Reynolds Freeman

My problem with M74 is that it has low surface brightness — I have found it with a 7×50 binocular in dark sky, but it becomes more difficult in brighter conditions. More aperture helps — it was no problem in a 12.5 inch Newtonian when observing from a location in the peninsular suburbs of San Francisco.

M76 is simply small in angular size, which makes it difficult for me to verify as non-stellar with low magnification, such as when observed with binoculars. Yet I have found it in a 50 mm refractor with a little more magnification, I think I recall using 24x.

Jay Reynolds Freeman

Orion Model CT-80 f/5 Achromatic Refractor: A Small Telescope Capable Of Showing Hundreds Of Deep-Sky Objects Even The Entire Messier Catalog From A Dark Site

Posted March 10, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Orion 80mm CT-80 Refractor

The 80 mm f/5 refractor has a fully coated objective lens with one baffle to reduce reflections. A small telescope that has really surprised me with its excellent performance when observing galaxies, nebulae, star clusters and even double stars.

The telescope reviewed and discussed here is an Orion 80 mm achromatic refractor telescope, model CT-80. However, this telescope is no longer available since the closure of Orion Telescope and Binoculars in June 2024. There are many 80 mm refractors available, including apochromatic or ED which are designed primarily for astrophotography.

This 80 mm refractor telescope was a surprise birthday gift from my son, Brad.  So, this is a special telescope to me, and I have no desire to have a premium doublet or triplet.

This telescope was sold as an optical tube assembly only, without any accessories. I have always used an amici diagonal for use with refractors primarily for sketching deep-sky objects, scientifically correct.

Note: I did a review of this “very diagonal” for Orion, which was posted on their site until their closure.

When comparing the view with a previum enhanced mirror diagonal I could not could not see or determine any difference. Test objects included double stars for resolution, nebulae amd galaxies for ontrast. An excellent diagonal for those wishing to see deep-sky objects scientifically correct, without a mirror image apperance.

An example as following of a correct oriented pencil sketch, indicating the cardinal points.

The Orion CT-80 has a beautiful pearl-white clear coated paint job and was ready to use out of the box. The scope works extremely well with a Vixen GP equatorial mount. The telescope and mount, including a three-pound counterweight can all be carried outside in one trip. 

A good quality equatorial mount is just as important as the telescope.

From the “Observing Handbook and Catalog of Deep-Sky Objects” by Luginbuhl and Skiff regarding using a couple of 60mm refractors in the survey for the handbook…

“Despite its comparatively small size, this sort of instrument is quite useful for deep-sky observing. From a dark site all of the objects in Messier’s list are visible, and some of the best views of galactic nebulae are obtained with these telescopes at very low power.” Luginbuhl and Skiff

When focusing the telescope on planetary features or double stars, they would “snap into focus” which is an indicator of good optics.

My first target was the beautiful double star, Castor in Gemini.  I started with 33x, but this was not enough magnification, but with the employ of a 2.8x Barlow, increasing the magnification to 93x the double was cleanly separated.

The next object was the trapezium in Orion. The four primary components were crisp and clean even at 33x. When increasing the magnification to 93x, the four primary stars were a beautiful sight indeed. The Orion Nebula appeared very bright with excellent contrast.

Galaxies M81 and M82, located in Ursa Major, have always been two of my favorite galaxies. Both galaxies fit nicely within a large 1.8º field of view at a 33x magnification. A beautiful sight!  This took me back more than forty years (1977) when I first observed this galaxy pair with a 4.25-inch f/10 EQ Edmund Newtonian. The portability of this telescope and mount will likely improve my number of deep-sky observations.

First Photo Of The Moon Orion 80mm Refractor And A Nikon D3300 DSLR Camera: By D. Ivester

Posted March 9, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

 

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I used an Orion 80mm f/5 refractor telescope and a Nikon D3300 camera for my very first photo of the moon:

Other attempts of the moon:

Easy enough to attach the camera to the telescope:

I changed the “single-screw” attachment ring on the back of the telescope, to a more secure “carbon-fiber” ring with two-screws to more securely hold the camera: D

The 29-Inch f/4.5 Don Brooks Telescope Which Is One Of The Largest Privately Owned Telescopes In The Region

Posted February 20, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

An observing event was held last night (February 19th 2026) on the campus of Gardner-Webb University in Boiling Springs, NC, featuring a custom made 29-inch telescope by Don Brooks. Don has been active in amateur astronomy for many years, and is currently the President of the Cleveland County Astronomical Society.

It should also be noted: Longtime CCAS member, Steve Davis also attended the event last night. Steve works at the “Bare Dark Sky Observatory at Mayland Earth to Sky Park” and is an operator of the 34-inch telescope. The facility is located in Burnsville, NC and the 34-inch telescope is one of the largest public telescopes in the southeastern US.

It has a 29-inch mirror which was produced by Coulter Optics in California during the 80’s. No one seems to know “definitively” how many 29-inch mirrors were produced. Don is aware of “possibly” eight to ten. However, I communicated with an amateur on (February 20th 2026) living in Minnesota who has one in storage, which would add to the count.

Don built everything (other than the mirror and the focuser) which was an extraordinary task. A mirror this size has incredible weight and the mirror cell must be built strong enough to properly hold and secure without causing stress to the mirror. Building only the mirror cell is an engineering feat in itself.

Don Brooks and Billy Fisher setting up the telescope. It became too cold for me, and had to leave shortly after sunset, despite being properly dressed. The temperature was in the 30’s, not too bad, but the 10-15-mph wind at times was just too much!

After 34 Years: Time For Another Amateur To Own This Large Newtonian

Posted February 14, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

In about 1991, I began looking for something larger than my 4.5-inch reflector which I was using at that time. The Meade Deep-Space series Newtonian’s consisted of two telescopes: A 10-inch and 16-inch f/4.5 with equatorial mounts.

This was at a time when Meade was building their serious Newtonian’s in their Costa Mesa, facility, which included grinding and polishing mirrors.  All of the hardware, bolts and Allen heads on these telescopes and mounts are SAE, not metric, which goes back to days past.

Astronomy Magazine tested a 10-inch DS-10A (The 10A was an updated version with a 2-inch focuser, setting circles, and RA drive) with the magazine giving the test mirror a rating of a B+.  

So, in February 1992, I purchased the 10-inch from Pauli’s Wholesale Optics, in Danbury Connecticut. It was Fred (the owner of Pauli’s) that recommended this telescope. It was a good decision as I have been successful in making more than 1,500 deep-sky pencil sketches and thousands of observing notes.

The low pedestal mount is ideal for use with an astro-chair, when making observing notes and pencil sketches at the eyepiece. As for me, it’s impossible to observe and sketch while standing.

The new owner of this fabulous telescope which served me well for 34 years. I spent over 2,000 hours under a night sky and thousands of pencil sketches of deep-sky objects, and the scope is still in pristine condition. The telescope was always stored inside and in a padded zip-up bag.

It was a sad day, but a happy day as the “perfect amateur” came to take this scope. I’m sure it will allow him at least 34 years of deep-sky observing also.

The first night out (Friday February 13th 2026) the new owner has already imaged the Orion Nebula, Jupiter and other deep-sky objects. This is actually an imaging telescope, with the mirror moved up for full illumination, and with an RA drive, which I never used. An extender tube is required for visual observing.

The new owner is a professional high-speed video camera expert for industrial applications and also an experienced amateur astronomer.

T Corona Borealis: 2026 Still Waiting And Watching

Posted February 7, 2026 by rogerivester
Categories: T Corona Borealis

The last outburst of T CrB was on February 9th 1946…80 years ago.

The entire world of both professional and amateur astronomy have been anxiously waiting for this event for many years. However, things really started picking up in about 2015, due to light fluctuations of the star. I have been observing the constellation on most all clear nights since March 2025. I’m also using my cellphone for photos which makes excellent documentation, with a before and after.

After the event: The recurrent nova star will likely reach a naked-eye brightness of about mag 2.2 which is based on previous occurrences. The brightness will last for about two weeks, then gradually fading and finally going back to a sleep for another 80 years.

Coordinates: RA: 15h 59m Dec. +25º 55m

The first observed outburst of T Corona Borealis occurred on the night of May 12th 1866, when the star reached the brightness of Alpha CrB…about 2.2 magnitude.

Following photos: I’ll post the most current or recent first and deleting some of the earlier ones and maintaining about five to ten photos for review.

The following photo is from wikisky.org with T marked with an X.

September 9th 2026 @ 11:30 PM….sinking lower in the western sky. Look closely and you can see the constellation in the brightness:

September 9th Magnified cellphone photo:

Screenshot

September 2nd 2026 @ 10:00 PM:

Second photo (wide-field) with the constellation getting lower in the west at about 10:00 PM on September 2nd 2026:

Sunday July 12th 2026 @ 12:28 AM

July 2nd 2026 @ 9:56 PM

June 23rd 2026 @ 11:15 PM with a bright 67% illuminated waxing gibbous moon:

June 22nd 2026 @ 2:45 AM (magnified view)

Friday April 24th 2026 @ 2:30 AM

I’ve deleted most of my cellphone photos from this post, but have included my first (below) from April 26th 2025:

Replacing A 15 Year Old Celestron CGE-Pro NexStar Hand Controller With A NEW NexStar +

Posted December 28, 2025 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

For the past year or more, my Celestron CGE-Pro mount was seemingly having a difficult time centering selected deep-sky objects. The motors also did not sound good at times when moving to the selected objects. I also had to perform a factory reset on the settings every few months.

Rather than updating the firm ware for a 15 year “maybe older” hand controller, my son Brad, surprised me with a new Celestron NexStar+. However, I was concerned if it would be compatible with the older mount, but I’m happy to say…it worked perfectly!

I first updated all my site settings using the new hand controller, which is an easy task using my iPhone compass feature for the time, latitude, and longitude. There are other settings such as DST or Standard, and a few others.

Last night, and with a bright moon, I wanted to verify the mount and hand controller in all functions. I began the sequence of the mount start-up. Then the three-star alignment, which after the first star, were all centered in the telescope field-of-view.

The first thing I noticed was the two motors sounded much smoother. I was actually getting concerned the motors might be having problems. I’d read in an article a jerky motion or sound of the motors was a sign that a motor might be going bad. So, I was now feeling really good, but how would the GoTo function perform when locating deep-sky objects?

My first object was the Andromeda galaxy, and with the sound of both motors, and going in different directions, I anxiously waited for it to stop. I then looked into the eyepiece and the galaxy was perfectly centered! The next object would be planetary nebula M57, far to the west from Andromeda, which would make for a great test. The planetary…like Andromeda was “perfectly centered” in the eyepiece. I then selected about 15 other deep-sky objects, including a few double stars. Everything worked perfectly. I was excited to say the least!

I’m so appreciative to Brad for my new hand controller. Despite not ever using the mount, he always seemed to know much more than me, and all the way from the west coast. 🙂 Electronics and electrical stuff are his thing and occupation...not mine for sure.

The CGE-Pro mount has bronze gears and was the most heavy-duty mount ever sold by Celestron, with a 90 pound payload.

The mount works well with a 6-inch Newtonian also as following:

How To Center Mark A Newtonian Mirror And Collimate Your Telescope For Peak Performance

Posted December 9, 2025 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

After removing the mirror, take a sheet of notebook paper, lay on the mirror and trace around the outer perimeter. The following is a 4.5-inch mirror which I center-marked earlier this year.

Fold the circle template in half, then quarter and then make a tiny hole in the center with any small sharp object. Now take a black Sharpie and “lightly dot” the center of the mirror, via the tiny hole. Now you are ready to replace the mirror and begin collimation. I’m not going to discuss collimation in this post, but have provided the following link from “High Point Scientific”…which is excellent.

A collimation tool will be needed: I use a homemade machined collimating tool (see below) which works great. However, consider a Cheshire collimating eyepiece which is not very expensive at all. I have a Cheshire eyepiece, but most often find myself using only my homemade tool. A laser collimator is not necessary.

https://www.highpointscientific.com/astronomy-hub/post/equipment-reviews/cheshire-collimating-eyepiece-guide

A couple photos of my Cheshire eyepiece as following which I also use on occasion:

While the mirror is out, it’s the perfect time to check if cleaning is needed.

The following procedure has allowed me to clean telescope mirrors with excellent results.  It should, however, be noted that your results may vary.  And mirrors coatings are very delicate, so be careful and use good common sense and care.  

https://rogerivester.com/category/how-to-clean-a-telescope-mirror

Aurora From My NC Backyard: November 11th And 12th 2025: iPhone 14 With A Three Second Exposure: Visible Naked Eye But Not The Following Night (12th): Latitude +35º 15′

Posted November 12, 2025 by rogerivester
Categories: Roger's Articles

Latitude: +35º 15′ Time: 9:00 PM

Time: 9:12 PM

Time: 9:13 PM

Time: 9:14 PM

I was surprised to get a phone call at about at 9:45 last night (November 13th) from a long-time friend and amateur, Don Books. He told me that he was seeing some color from his home in South Carolina. I jumped out of bed, got dressed and ran outside, but visually couldn’t see anything from my suburban backyard. However, with a 3-second exposure, again from my iPhone 14, and some color began to appear. It was nothing like the previous but an aurora display none the less. I’m glad Don called, and I share three of those photos as following:

Time 9:56 PM:

Time: 9:57 PM

Time: 10:00 PM and the aurora was already beginning to fade: