After removing the mirror, take a sheet of notebook paper, lay on the mirror and trace around the outer perimeter. The following is a 4.5-inch mirror which I center-marked earlier this year.

Fold the circle template in half, then quarter and then make a tiny hole in the center with any small sharp object. Now take a black Sharpie and “lightly dot” the center of the mirror, via the tiny hole. Now you are ready to replace the mirror and begin collimation. I’m not going to discuss collimation in this post, but have provided the following link from “High Point Scientific”…which is excellent.

A collimation tool will be needed: I use a homemade machined collimating tool (see below) which works great. However, consider a Cheshire collimating eyepiece which is not very expensive at all. I have a Cheshire eyepiece, but most often find myself using only my homemade tool. A laser collimator is not necessary.

https://www.highpointscientific.com/astronomy-hub/post/equipment-reviews/cheshire-collimating-eyepiece-guide

A couple photos of my Cheshire eyepiece as following which I also use on occasion:

While the mirror is out, it’s the perfect time to check if cleaning is needed.

The following procedure has allowed me to clean telescope mirrors with excellent results.  It should, however, be noted that your results may vary.  And mirrors coatings are very delicate, so be careful and use good common sense and care.  

https://rogerivester.com/category/how-to-clean-a-telescope-mirror

It has become almost impossible for me to now use a standard straight-through finder scope, due to the pain in my neck. Getting under a standard finder and in all types of contorted positions is just now too uncomfortable. So, a 90º RACI (right angle correct image) finder is now essential.

After too many years to many years to count, I’ve always used a straight-through finder, but in recent years, my neck has become the limiting factor, due in-part to growing older.

I have one 90º Antares 7.5 x 50 correct image finder (as pictured below) used with my 10-inch Newtonian, but on other telescopes I still use a standard straight-through finder.

It should be noted that a good quality straight-through finder will present brighter stars, due to the unobstructed light path. However, for me, with neck issues, the RACI finder allows me a view without pain.

I use a “Rigel QuikFinder” in conjunction with my magnified finders:

The Rigel makes for an excellent pointer for the telescope, as it’s much better and easier than attempting to sight along the optical tube. I have two Quikfinders and a QF base on my all my telescopes.

The Rigel finders are fairly small and lightweight…better suited for smaller telescopes than the much larger and heavier Telrad. I also like the “higher profile” of the Rigel for greater ease to sight.

I use a magnified finder in conjunction with my Rigel QuikFinder.

For extremely faint deep-sky objects, of whichever telescope I’m using; a magnified finder is essential.

I first draw a circle on my atlas before going out with the same degree field as my finder. I then attempt to point the magnified finder to match that of my star atlas, with the deep-sky object in the center of the circle.

Consider the following atlas page and circle, despite being so close to bright stars: Yed Prior and Yed Posterior the galaxy was invisible. I used the faint single star just to the north of the galaxy and it could not be seen. I spent hours on this galaxy over many observing sessions and seasons, attempting to see the galaxy. However, during moments of perfect seeing “I saw the galaxy” with averted vision, but not constant and only intermittently.

NGC 6118 is considered by most all amateur astronomers to be the most difficult object in the Herschel-400 list.

My suburban backyard is now averaging a naked-eye limiting magnitude of ~4.8 on my best nights, which indicates my sky is pretty bright; making very faint deep-sky objects very difficult.

When riding a bicycle it’s much easier to see things that are unseen when driving a car or truck. The following are three very old bridges in Cleveland County that “for sure” have a story, however, few living today would likely know that story. Two are in Lattimore, and one just north of Shelby on North Lafayette Street.

The following bridge is just north of Shelby on North Lafayette Street, and only feet from the current highway. Three photos of this bridge as following.

Two other views of the N Lafayette bridge:

North Lafayette bridge:

Two bridges as following…less than a mile from Lattimore. The first bridge pictured below:

The second Lattimore bridge.

Latitude: +35º 15′ Time: 9:00 PM

Time: 9:12 PM

Time: 9:13 PM

Time: 9:14 PM

I was surprised to get a phone call at about at 9:45 last night (November 13th) from a long-time friend and amateur, Don Books. He told me that he was seeing some color from his home in South Carolina. I jumped out of bed, got dressed and ran outside, but visually couldn’t see anything from my suburban backyard. However, with a 3-second exposure, again from my iPhone 14, and some color began to appear. It was nothing like the previous but an aurora display none the less. I’m glad Don called, and I share three of those photos as following:

Time 9:56 PM:

Time: 9:57 PM

Time: 10:00 PM and the aurora was already beginning to fade:

Who is Al Nagler?

What does “artificial intelligence” have to say about Al Nagler?

Albert “Al” Nagler was a highly influential optical engineer, entrepreneur, and amateur astronomer who founded Tele Vue Optics. The company, which he started in 1977, became a globally recognized producer of high-quality eyepieces and telescopes. Nagler passed away on October 27, 2025, at the age of 90. 

Key details about Al Nagler and his career:

• Nagler designed the wide-field “Nagler eyepiece” in the early 1980s. These eyepieces provided a larger, more immersive, and sharper field of view. His work is considered to have elevated the entire eyepiece industry.
• Nagler designed optical systems for astronaut visual simulators for the Gemini and Apollo Lunar Module programs.
• Nagler was an active member of the amateur astronomy community. An asteroid was named 10715 Nagler in his honor in 1999.
• Tele Vue Optics was co-founded with his wife, Judi, and later became a family-run business involving their son, David.
• Nagler held patents for several inventions, including optical products and safety brakes for electric motors.
• Nagler received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Astronomical League in July 2025. 

I had the honor to meet both Al Nagler and his wife at the 2017 Southern Star Astronomy conference in April of 2017:

Al Nagler: 2017 Southern Star Astronomy Convention: Little Switzerland, North Carolina

I was so sorry to hear about Al Nagler’s passing:

It was the April 2017 Southern Star Astronomy Convention sponsored by the Charlotte Amateur Astronomers Club, when a scheduled speaker for the convention cancelled at the last minute.

I’m not a member of the Charlotte Club, but had helped them over a few years to fill speaker positions at Southern Star.

A new speaker was needed…and really quick!

The Charlotte club officer in charge of Southern Star contacted me about finding a new speaker and asked if I could help in finding “the perfect” person to fill this now vacant position.

A solution, as I already had someone in mind:

I knew that Sue and Alan French were attending NEAF at that time. So, I called Sue via cell phone, and asked if she would talk to Al Nagler and see if he was interested in being a speaker at Southern Star.

Al was indeed interested and both he and his wife, accepted the invitation. 

Al gave a fabulous presentation concerning “everything anyone would want to know” about eyepieces. I don’t think anyone would know more about the science of eyepieces than Al Nagler. The presentation, to say the least was excellent…so much so, I even took notes.

Al Nagler and his wife Judi…two great people!

I was able to talk with Al and his wife for extended periods during the event, and also enjoyed having lunch with them in the Wild Acres cafeteria.

Photo as following: Al signing my “1000+ The Amateur Astronomer’s Field Guide to Deep Sky Observing” by Tom Lorenzin at the April 2017 Southern Star Astronomy Convention in Little Switzerland, North Carolina.

My signed 1000+ by Al Nagler and the late Tom Lorenzin pictured below:

(310120) Mullaney = 2011 DR25 Discovery: 2005-12-01 / L. H. Wasserman, R. L. Millis / Kitt Peak / 695 James Mullaney (b. 1940) is an American astronomy popularizer who has written about observing the night sky with naked eye, binoculars, and telescope. A former Curator of the Buhl Planetarium, staff astronomer at Allegheny Observatory, and an editor for Sky & Telescope and Astronomy, he contributed to Carl Sagan’s Cosmos TV series.

Visual observing and locating deep-sky objects manually, making notes and drawing what I see via the eyepiece is fun. I don’t embellish my drawings, but only what I see and with no computer enhancements.

To locate my selected deep-sky objects, for the evening, I just match up my finder view with the atlas and attempt to point the scope at the exact spot.

I use different sizes of brass and steel rings to match my finder(s) field of view. My choice for the last 15 years plus have been the S&T Pocket Sky Atlas’ which are compact and easy to use in the field. The black stars are so much easier to use as compared to atlas’ with white stars on black backgrounds. Plus, I like the larger format pages of the Pocket Sky Atlas’.

If you will notice, I draw circles (on the atlas pages) are for my “selected” objects. I don’t mind all of the drawn circles, soaked pages from dew, which shows the atlas’ have been well used.

A few examples of my humble pencil sketches. I have more than 200 sketches using this format (5 x 8) and about 1,500 using much smaller 3 x 5 cards.

NGC 55 coordinates: RA: 00h 14m 54 Dec. -39º 12m

Roger Ivester from North Carolina: Observing notes from +35º 18′ latitude as following:

Galaxy NGC 55 is the only deep-sky object that I was not able to locate and see of the entire 185 Observer’s Challenge reports. This was due to the low southerly sky position, and not being able to find an observing location without light glow.

I’m hopeful that I can again attempt to see this galaxy, but from another dark-site, which I’ve already selected. For convenience, light weight and ease of handling, I’m planning to use a 4.5-inch f/8 Newtonian. Update: Wednesday, November 12th: Too much sky glow overlooking a small town about five miles away. I spent about an hour…but no luck. Another disappointment.

November 14th 2025: I attempted from my backyard, and with a lightblock curtain, using my 10-inch, but unfortunately the galaxy was in the trees. It seems that I’m just not suppose to see this galaxy. I’ve just got to find that “perfect site” and I’m not giving up yet, as there is still time this month!

My notes from November and December 2012 as following:

Sue French observing from the Little Caymen Island:

November 30, 2005, Little Cayman Island. 10:10 PM EST. 113/450mm (4 ½-inch f/4)
reflector. Seeing: good, transparency good, sky, very dark. Scope not collimated.
At 14X, easily visible, highly elongated, bright galaxy with brighter elongated core.
Runs ESE-WNW. At 34X, very pretty. Large mottled core. Faint star south edge, west side.
Galaxy extends farther east than west of core. About 28’ X 2 1/2’. Star mentioned above plus
three others cradled south side. At 64X, mottling much more evident. Many faint field stars
visible. Skinny brighter triangle southwest.

October 2, 2010, 9:15 pm EDT, with a 130/819mm (5.1-inch f/6.3) apochromat. The
seeing and transparency were fair. At 23X there was a bright glow around a fairly bright star.
At 37X, the star was in the southern part of a 1¾ arcminute glow. A fainter, 1-arcminute glow
continued south from the brighter one. UHC or O-III filter not helpful. At 63X, the southern
part showed nicely, and there was a faint star in it. At 102X, the southern part was curved
concave west so the whole thing looked like a fat comma in my mirror-reversed view.

October 6, 2010, PSSG. 10:30 PM EDT. 130/819mm (5.1-inch f/6.3) APO. Seeing fairpoor, transparency good. At 37X, although the sky was milky down there, this large galaxy was
visible as ~26”ESE – WNW elongated galaxy. The western half was generally brighter. Mag.
10 star ~5’ SE of eastern tip and mag. 12 star S X E of western tip. ~ 4’ wide. At 63X, showed
up nicely and was quite uneven in brightness. The bright western area broadly brighter toward
the long axis. Eastern had a weaker brightening toward the east end. Three faint stars along
south flank: The brightest one mentioned above, the second brightest was south of the middle of
the western bright patch, the faintest star was on the galaxy’s edge between the two bright
patches. Another star hugged the south side of the west tip.

November 10, 2007, 8:15 pm EST with a 254/1494mm (10-inch f/5.9) Newtonian. The
seeing and transparency were fair. At 43X, this bright nebula spanned about ¼º and was
brightest around a mag. 7½ star in the center. At 68X, the bright central region of the nebula was
elongated north-south, 3 arcminutes tall, with pinched sides and a faint star off the southeastern
edge. At 213X, the pinch was prominent south of the mag. 7½ star, and the nebula section south
of the pinch was fainter than the northern part.

November 2, 2010. 9:30 pm EDT

I’m afraid my description of that observation was just the sketch. The only details were:
254/1494mm (10-inch f/5.9) Newtonian, 67X. Seeing and transparency, fair.

Jaakko Saloranta from Finland: Observing notes for NGC 55, are from the Canary Islands:

As can be suspected of the low declination, this object never rises above the horizon here
in Finland. My latest observation of NGC 55 was made in November last year from the Canary
Islands and specifically from the biggest island, Tenerife. I was observing within the Las
Cañadas caldera at an altitude of 6,670 feet (2,034 meters) with fairly good observing conditions:
naked eye limiting magnitude (NELM) near zenith of 7.1 with SQM-L measurements in the high
21.20s. What makes this observing site pretty good is the high altitude (above the clouds), low
humidity and excellent seeing. They don’t have observatories in here for nothing! My notes
with the 4.7-inch refractor using several different magnifications read as follows:

A gorgeous sight. Huge, WNW-ESE elongated galaxy with a mottled appearance. NW
part of the galaxy contained a bright, elongated nucleus with somewhat mottled appearance.
Two brightenings visible within the halo. Larger and brighter knot appeared as slightly NW-SE
elongated. The smaller and fainter knot appeared as a nearly stellar, roundish spot in the E side
of the galaxy’s halo with a faint mag. 14 star just W of it. A darker void seemed to separate these
two possible H-II regions from each other. Several mag. 10-14 stars in vicinity, within the halo.

The following image provided by James Dire from Hawaii:

My image as following was taken with a 102mm (4-inch) apochromatic refractor at f/6.4 with a SBIG ST2000XCM CCD camera. Note the dark “eye” in the galactic core, with the dark lane angled 60º to the disk superimposed over this.

The following image by Mario Motta at (+42º 36′) from Massachusetts with the galaxy being only 6º’s above the horizon!

This one is really tough being so low in the southern sky, but last night (October 18th 2025) I was able to make the following image. The galaxy was 6º above the horizon when I started and ended. It peaked at 8º at the transit of the meridian. The imagine required two hours of 5 minute subs with my 32-inch f/6.5 reflector telescope, and ZWO6200 camera, processed in Pix. 

I did not attempt color, as it was so low in the sky and have limited time between rising and setting. NGC 55 is actually close at 6.5 MLY in the constellation of Sculptor.

Now I have never tried this before, but decided to experiment, and somehow it worked out.

My 32-inch scope image of NGC 55 was only 6º above the horizon, so I got the brighter central region with detail, but the fainter outer region, especially lower left, was lost in the background glow. I’d made an image from Florida two years ago, and got the entire galaxy, but lacked detail, and did not capture the fainter region (C14)

Adrien Barrajon’s image (which I processed) from New Zealand had color but missing detail, and was taken with an 8-inch telescope.

So, I attempted to combine all images…taking some time, but took the detail of the center, overlapped that on the full image from my C14 from Florida, and then overlaid the color from the New Zealand color data.

The result is the combined data of three different telescopes, of vastly different sizes, and got this combined image. There are many hidden tricks in pixinsight, and I used up quite a few of them to get the following image. 🙂

Mario Motta

Two really “big and full” truck loads! I was so happy watching the trucks leaving with the tree!

Note the “too close” to the house problem tree in the background. If this tree would fall it could hit the house. Photo taken January 2025:

The following photo: October 5th @ 1:30 AM: Note the tree is missing, and now with an unobstructed view of the entire northeastern sky.

March 26th 2025: After the problems I’ve had over a couple of years I just had to observe galaxy NGC 6118, again in 2025. So, during the late afternoon of March 26th, I set my mount up and pinned my auto-marine fabric to wires to create my light block system in my backyard.

I need or require this (wires and cloth) and in this part of my backyard for southern hemisphere objects only.

3:45 AM: I minimized everything I’d require for an early morning observing session. I included three selected eyepieces in my small Pelican box, not wanting to bring a large box. And I brought all of my necessary items or tools in a small zipper bag: This included pencils, sketch cards, set-up stars, red lights, the large S&T Pocket Alas and other.

When making an early morning observation, it’s important to have everything ready, without the need to run back inside for necessary tools and items forgotten.

4:15 AM: I was looking in the eyepiece and in the area of the galaxy using an 11mm 82º apparent field eyepiece, for a magnification of 104x and a 0.79º true field. I began using field motion and then letting the galaxy drift back into the eyepiece field, and could see a faint elongated blur, with averted vision, but not constantly.

4:45 AM: Increasing the magnification, so I used 2.8x University Optics Klee Barlow, for a magnification of 291x and with a 0.28º true field, but the view was no better. And still only an intermittent blur, but this time more elongated. The galaxy was at such an altitude it was mostly above the light dome. However, there was another problem going on: A wildfire of over over 3,000 acres was raging in Polk County, which is only about 35 miles away. I’m not sure if smoke was an issue or not, but the sky had a reddish look along the horizon. So, probably likely.

5:14 AM: I lifted my eye from the eyepiece and “Gave Up The Ghost” as related to this galaxy for the final time, not likely to return. This galaxy has acted like a ghost for me, now going on two years.

My quest began in the later summer of 2023, and ended on March 27th 2025, but never being able to see the galaxy to a level I would like. Sometimes it’s important to know when good is enough, and time to quit. I made no new sketches or written notes…

This recording and post update @ 4:28 PM (EDT) on March 27th 2025. It was my plans or hope to attempt this galaxy again in the spring of 2025, however, I have not been able to do so. I’d say, most likely….I’ve made my last observation of NGC 6118 known as “The Blinking Galaxy.”

Roger Ivester

Previous observations as following:

I attempted two very early morning observing sessions in March and April of 2024 from my suburban backyard, but again without success. A dark site is really needed to observe any low-surface-brightness galaxy, especially one as dim and faint as NGC 6118.

However, traveling to a dark-site has been over for me now, for many years. The disassembly of a heavy equatorial mount and handling a large solid-tube Newtonian, loading, driving, unloading, reassembly, and then having to do it all again, became just too much. I will just continue to do my best from the backyard.

Almost thirty years ago, I fabricated a humble fabric light-block system (as pictured below) which has helped me many times over the years to see difficult and faint galaxies.  It’s easy to set up and take down.

Light pollution will only get worse, so maybe the following inexpensive “light-block” system might work for you also.

I use a medium-duty, lighter weight equatorial mount when observing from my backyard which requires star-hopping….not my GoTo mount from my back deck.

Darker skies from my back deck…

Fortunate for me, I was able to get a problem streetlight in front of my house, changed from a 4,000K LED unshielded light to a 3,000K light with a shield, and with optimum orientation away from my house.

A 5,000K multiple-bulb “residential carport light” is now my greatest problem when observing more southerly deep-sky objects. I have to move from my back-deck to my backyard for all deep-sky objects that are less than “about” +15º north declination.

Good news! The above light has been adjusted as following: February 21st 2025

My plans are now to re-observe NGC 6118 at about 1:00 AM, early May 2025, in an attempt to duplicate my 2024 observation. Will the “Blinking Galaxy” be easier with the now “redirected” 5,000K carport light?

The house is now vacant, waiting for a new owner, and still shines from sunset to sunrise, but now, not toward my house.

Date: May 11th 2024 (early AM observation and seeing NGC 6118) despite looking over the town of Boiling Springs, and the terrible “carport” light

Saturday morning: May 11th 2024 @ 1:00 AM, with a 5.0 NELM overhead, but far less in the location of NGC 6118, due to overlooking the town of Boiling Springs, and the problem “carport light” pictured above.

The following cellphone photo is from that night (May 11th) and beside my telescope. Note the constellation Scorpius toward the right lower corner. Now see the brighter pair of stars, almost in the center of the photo, above or north of Scorpius.

The most northern star, is known as “Yed Prior” at mag. 2.7. The second star toward the south or closest to Scorpius is “Yed Posterior” at mag. 3.2. Now move your telescope slightly to the NE of “Yed Prior” and use your star atlas to dead center, where NGC 6118 should be.

With a bit of difficulty and after almost an hour, I was finally able to see the galaxy. One of my greatest problems had been a pesky LED streetlight in close proximity, shinning directly into my backyard. My portable “make-shift” observatory was the answer to this.

Telescope: 10-inch f/4.5 EQ Newtonian observing notes:

Description: A tiny and subtle brighter middle, which resembles that of a planetary nebula. And like so many planetary nebulae, when using direct vision, vanishes or winks out. The galaxy has a very faint and diffuse irregular halo, which is oriented NE-SW. After observing NGC 6118, it’s easy to understand why its named “The Blinking Galaxy.”